Over 180,000 items including paintings, sculptures and examples of applied art (jewellery, domestic and cult objects), give an idea of a remarkable cultural heritage of the Orient from the time of the ancient civilizations emergence to the present. The exhibitions occupying 50 museum rooms contain the collections of items from Ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia, Central Asia, Byzantium, countries of the Near and Far East.
- Ancient Near East
- Ancient Egypt
- Coptic Egypt
- Ancient and Early Medieval Caucasus
- Pre-Columbian America
- Traditional Cultures of Africa
- China
- Oases on the Silk Route (Khara-Khoto, Kucha, Schanshan, Dunhuang, Khotan)
- Ancient and Early Medieval Mongolia
- Buddhist Mongolia
- Tibet
- India
- South-Eastern Asia
- Japan
- Pre-Islamic Central Asia
- Islamic Central Asia
- Iran
- Arab Middle-Eastern Сountries in the Middle Ages (Egypt, Syria, Iraq)
- Golden Horde
- Turkey
- Byzantium
- Armenia
- Georgia
- Azerbaijan
- Dagestan
